Hello Guys,
In this blog, we will be discussing enums and char in C.
Enums
A datatype that allows a programmer to define a variable and
specify the valid values that can be stored into the variables.
For example, let's create a variable named "optCompany" and
it can only contain one of the primary colors as "GOOGLE", "MICROSOFT", or
"NETFLIX", and no other values.
HOW TO DEFINE THE ENUM TYPE
You have to define the enum type and give it a name as:
1) initiated by keyword enum
2) then the name of the enumerated datatype
3) then the list of identifiers (enclosed within a set
of curly braces) that define the permissible values that can be
assigned to the type.
enum optCompany {GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, NETFLIX};
Variables declared to be of this datatype can be
assigned GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, and NETFLIX inside the program, and no other
value.
DECLARING THE VARIABLE
To declare the variable to be of type enum
optCompany
1) use the keyword enum
2) followed by the enumerated datatype
3) followed by the variable list so the
statement.
enum optCompany myCompany, jakesCompany;
The above sentence defines the variable myCompany and jakesCompany to be of
optCompany datatype.
The only permissible values that can be assigned to these variables are the
names GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, and NETFLIX.
As
myCompany = GOOGLE;Another Example,
enum month {January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December};ENUM AS INT
The compiler actually treats enumeration identifiers as an
integer constant.
The first name on the list is 0.
example;
enum month thisMonth;....thisMonth = February;
Here, the value 1 is assigned to this month (not the name
February) because it is the second identifier listed inside the
enumeration list.
If you want to have the special integer value
associated with an enumeration identifier the integer can be assigned
to the identifier directly when the data type is defined.
eg.
enum direction {up, down, left = 10, right};
1) an enumerated datatype direction is defined with
the values up, down, left, right.
2) up = 0 because it appears first in the
list.
3) 1 to down because it appears next
4) 10 to left because it is explicitly assigned
this value
5) 11 to the right because it appears
immediately after left on the list.
Char
char represents a single character such as the letter 'a' and
a digital number '7', or a semicolon ';'.
Character literal uses single quotes such as 'A' or
'8'.
You can also declare the char variable to be
unsigned.
It can also be used to explicitly tell the compiler
that a particular variable is a signed quantity.
DECLARING THE CHAR
char hello; /* declare a char variable */hello = 'T' /* OK */hello = "T" /* No! Thinks T is a string --- ERROR!!! */hello = T /* Searches for the variable T in the program --ERROR!!!*/char grade = 65; /* OK for ASCII, but poor style */Escape Characters
C contains a special character that represents an
action as:
- backspacing
- going to the next line
- making the terminal bell ring
These are also encoded in single quotes when
assigned to a char variable
Below are the escape characters:::
\n --- next line
\a --- Alert (ANSI C)
\b --- Blankspace
\f --- Form Feed
\r --- carriage
return
\t --- horizontal
tab
\v
---
vertical tabs
\\
---
backslash
(\)
\'
---
single
quotes
(')
\"
---
double
quotes
(")
\?
---
Question
mark
(?)
\Ooo
---
Octal
Values
\xhh
---
Hexadecimal
values
Example:
/* program to demonstrate enum datatype */#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{ enum gender {male, female};enum gender myGender;
myGender = male return}
/* program to demonstrate char datatype and escape character */#include<stdio.h>int main(){ char myCharacter = '\n'; print("%c", myCharacter); return 0;}You can get the video on my YouTube channel eat_sleep_ code repeat or play the video below.
Thanks, for reading. Do subscribe to getting notified for the next blog.
Then it is Harsh Jaiswal.
Signing off.
Subscribe by Email
Follow Updates Articles from This Blog via Email
No Comments